Assay

means to test ores or minerals by chemicals or other methods for the purpose of determining the amount of valuable metals contained.

Ag

means silver.

Au

means gold.

Base Metal

means a classification of metals usually considered to be of low value and higher chemical activity when compared with the precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, etc.). This nonspecific term generally refers to the high-volume, low-value metals copper, lead, tin, and zinc.

Breccia

means rock consisting of fragments, more or less angular, in a matrix of finer-grained material or of cementing material.

CIM

means the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.

CIM Standards

means the Mineral Resources and Reserves Definitions and Guidelines adopted by the CIM Council on August 20, 2000, as those definitions may be amended from time to time by the CIM.

Claim

means a mining interest giving its holder the right to prospect,

explore for and exploit minerals within a defined area.

Concentrates

means the clean product of ore or metal separated from its containing rock or earth by froth flotation or other methods of mineral separation.

Concentrator

means a plane where ore is separated in values (concentrates) and rejects (tails).

Concession

means a grant or lease of a tract of land made by a government or other controlling authority in return for stipulated services or a promise that the land will be used for a specific purpose.

Cu

means copper.

Diamond Core

means a rotary type of rock drill that cuts a core of rock and is recovered in long cylindrical sections, two centimeters or more in diameter.

Deposit

means an informal term for an accumulation of mineral ores.

Exploration Stage

means a prospect that is not yet in either the development or production stage.

Feasibility Study

means an engineering study designed to define the technical, economic, and legal viability of a mining project with a high degree of reliability.

Formation

means a distinct layer of sedimentary rock of similar composition.

Grade

means the metal content of ore, usually expressed in troy ounces per ton (2,000 pounds) or in grams per ton or metric tons which contains 2,204.6 pounds or 1,000 kilograms.

g/t

means grams per tonne.

kg

means kilograms.

km

means kilometer.

lb

means one pound and is equal to 454 grams.

m

means metre.

Mineral Reserves

mean the economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of the reporting, that economic and extraction can be justified.  A Mineral Reserve includes allowances for dilution and losses that may occur when material is mined.
 

Mineral Resource

means mineralization in such a form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Minerals Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge.
 

Mineralization

means the concentration of metals within a body of rock.

Mining

means the process of extraction and beneficiation of mineral reserves to produce a marketable metal or mineral product. Exploration continues during the mining process and, in many cases, mineral reserves are expanded during the life of the mine operations as the exploration potential of the deposit is realized.

Moz

means million of ounces.

Net Smelter Return Royalty

means a defined percentage of the gross revenue from a resource extraction operation, less a proportionate share or transportation, insurance, and processing costs. 

Open Pit

means a mine working or excavation open to the surface.

Outcrop

means that part of the geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the earth.

Oxide

means mineralized rock in which some of the original minerals have been oxidized (i.e. combined with oxygen). Oxidation tends to make the ore more porous and permits a more complete permeation of cyanide solution so that minute particles of gold in the interior of the minerals will be more readily dissolved.

oz

means ounces.

Pb

means lead.

Precious Metal

means any of several relatively scarce and valuable metals, such as gold, silver and the platinum group metals.

Production Stage

means a project that is actively engaged in the process of extraction and beneficiation of mineral reserves to produce a marketable metal  or mineral product.

Reclamation

means the process of returning land to another use after mining is completed.

Recovery

means the portion of the metal contained in the ore that is successfully extracted by processing, expressed as a percentage.

Reserves

means that part of the mineral deposit that could be economically and legally extracted or produced at the time of reserve determination.

Sampling

means selecting a fractional, but representative, part of a mineral deposit for analysis.

Sediment

means solid fragmental material that originates from weathering of rocks and is transported or deposited by air, water, or ice, or that accumulates by other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation from solution or secretion by organisms, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface at ordinary temperatures in a loose, unconsolidated form.

Sedimentary

means formed by the deposition of sediment.

SFA

means screen fire assay.

Sulfide

means a compound of sulfur and some other element.

t or tonne

is a measure of weight equal to 1,000 kg or 2,204 lbs.

tpd

means tonnes per day.

Tertiary

means the first period of the Cenozoic Era (after the Cretaceous of the Mesozoic Era and before the Quaternary), though to have covered the span of time between 65 million years and 3 to 2 million years ago.

Vein

means a fissure, fault or crack in a rock filled by minerals that have traveled upwards from some deep source.

Waste

means rock lacking sufficient grade and/or other characteristics of ore.